formal message - translation to russian
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formal message - translation to russian

Formal pragmatics; Formal Pragmatics
  • The volume that universal pragmatics appears in

formal message      
формализованное сообщение формализованное сообщение
message passing         
MECHANISM FOR INTERPROCESS COMMUNICATION
Message passing programming; Message Passing; Message-based protocol; Message-passing; Message-based; Message (object-oriented programming); Asynchronous message passing; Synchronous message passing

общая лексика

передача сообщений, обмен сообщениями

один из двух способов организации взаимодействия между параллельными процессами (другой - shared memory)

private message         
MODE OF ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION
Private messaging; Message (direct); Private Message; Private Messaging; YGPM; Direct message; Personal message
1) частное сообщение 2) конфиденциальное сообщение 1) частное сообщение 2) конфиденциальное сообщение

Definition

message passing
One of the two techniques for communicating between parallel processes (the other being shared memory). A common use of message passing is for communication in a parallel computer. A process running on one processor may send a message to a process running on the same processor or another. The actual transmission of the message is usually handled by the run-time support of the language in which the processes are written, or by the operating system. Message passing scales better than shared memory, which is generally used in computers with relatively few processors. This is because the total communications bandwidth usually increases with the number of processors. A message passing system provides primitives for sending and receiving messages. These primitives may by either synchronous or asynchronous or both. A synchronous send will not complete (will not allow the sender to proceed) until the receiving process has received the message. This allows the sender to know whether the message was received successfully or not (like when you speak to someone on the telephone). An asynchronous send simply queues the message for transmission without waiting for it to be received (like posting a letter). A synchronous receive primitive will wait until there is a message to read whereas an asynchronous receive will return immediately, either with a message or to say that no message has arrived. Messages may be sent to a named process or to a named mailbox which may be readable by one or many processes. Transmission involves determining the location of the recipient and then choosing a route to reach that location. The message may be transmitted in one go or may be split into packets which are transmitted independently (e.g. using wormhole routing) and reassembled at the receiver. The message passing system must ensure that sufficient memory is available to buffer the message at its destination and at intermediate nodes. Messages may be typed or untyped at the programming language level. They may have a priority, allowing the receiver to read the highest priority messages first. Some message passing computers are the {MIT J-Machine (http://ai.mit.edu/projects/cva/cva_j_machine.html)}, the {Illinois Concert Project (http://www-csag.cs.uiuc.edu/projects/concert.html)} and transputer-based systems. Object-oriented programming uses message passing between objects as a metaphor for procedure call. (1994-11-11)

Wikipedia

Universal pragmatics

Universal pragmatics (UP), more recently placed under the heading of formal pragmatics, is the philosophical study of the necessary conditions for reaching an understanding through communication. The philosopher Jürgen Habermas coined the term in his essay "What is Universal Pragmatics?" where he suggests that human competition, conflict, and strategic action are attempts to achieve understanding that have failed because of modal confusions. The implication is that coming to terms with how people understand or misunderstand one another could lead to a reduction of social conflict.

By coming to an "understanding," he means at the very least, when two or more social actors share the same meanings about certain words or phrases; and at the very most, when these actors are confident that those meanings fit relevant social expectations (or a "mutually recognized normative background").

For Habermas, the goal of coming to an understanding is "intersubjective mutuality ... shared knowledge, mutual trust, and accord with one another". In other words, the underlying goal of coming to an understanding would help to foster the enlightenment, consensus, and good will necessary for establishing socially beneficial norms. Habermas' goal is not primarily for subjective feeling alone, but for development of shared (intersubjective) norms which in turn establish the social coordination needed for practical action in pursuit of shared and individual objectives (a form of action termed "communicative action").

As an interdisciplinary subject, universal pragmatics draws upon material from a large number of fields, from pragmatics, semantics, semiotics, informal logic, and the philosophy of language, through social philosophy, sociology, and symbolic interactionism, to ethics, especially discourse ethics, and on to epistemology and the philosophy of mind.

Examples of use of formal message
1. The unnamed former agent was on private business, but the United States is now sufficiently concerned about his welfare that the State Department today sent a formal message to Iran through Swiss intermediaries asking about his whereabouts and his situation.
2. "A whole nation has suffered because of recent and ongoing actions," said the nine archbishops, bishops and administrators of dioceses, in a formal message to an estimated 1 million communicants, pinned on hundreds of church notice boards across the country.
3. According to Azad Jundiyani, a member of Iraqi President Jalal Talabani‘s Patriotic Union of Kurdistan in Suleymaniyah, Barzani issued a formal message asking for the Iraqi flag to be lowered.
What is the Russian for formal message? Translation of &#39formal message&#39 to Russian